Editorial standards

Evidence before conclusion

• Attribute material claims.
• Seek primary records.
• Separate fact, analysis, and opinion.
• Describe meaningful uncertainty.

Fairness

People and institutions facing significant criticism should receive a reasonable opportunity to respond. Their relevant response, or the fact that they did not respond by publication, should be represented fairly.

Independence

Editorial judgments are not for sale. Conflicts of interest should be disclosed or avoided, and government or commercial interests do not receive advance control over coverage.